egITisrwvinuy cTETcs egWnIlorek utOn cSwmulWdOh ubWvwj egulWvusim
cnwmcDor ?eveycaeh WmwlWlwb caeCcaea Wvcaunub cnwmcDor cTWbor .rwseforcp
egcscniaws rwTuyiPcmok cfoa cTcnwmcTrWPiD egITisrWvinuy ea ,Ikwa
cswb .eveaem caerihWm egumcliA eguhwb ,cnurutia egcaea rwseforcp
eguhwb Wvcauyil ctof udemiaWkwtcnunEb utWfwt eguhwb ,WvcSwrukWsWrid
.evekeairevumcliA
,iawgumutwgened cnuhImWruk cawtcSuk egutwvWb caeawb ,iawgutogWvuLWdiv
cnwmcDor
,cSwkwlWsim .evekemwk wncnwa cnumwruk csevurWhim ,IkwmurukcnunEb
cswb
,wmwnWd cnumwkcawdurib iawvunofITis eguDWfuDWf ,ukwhIm EgnEn cnwkukWk
cSwtogim .eveaenWdidOh cnwkukWk Iaea cnegcSokWsWrid cnuyil WviawgITisea
Wviawfived urWhim cSwmcliA egumutwgened cnuhImWrukcSuk cnegcSokcnunEb
cswb
.evea (Forensic Linguistics)
'csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof' ,Ikwmwn
,csevwmwn caeaWriaWd Wa cSwrwv idwa ,Ikwa csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof
umcaihum cSwrwv Iaea ,wmwnEvenwgened cnuhImWrukcSuk cnegcSokcnunEb
eguhwb
cnuTcsirwreT iawgukwtcSuk egcmwzirwreT cSokwscaWK ,idwa .evekeaWriaWd
cnwkirevuqcVwx cSwrwv ,InwviawfevurWhim cnurukcnunEb cswb cSwmutwgened
IsUsWj ,idwa .eveaevuLWdiv cnwmcDor csev iawgumwkcaemwk wncnwa cnumeved
csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof ,cseviawgudem egcnuhuluf Wrukctwkcawswm
iawgIrit ,cnumwkcnehea .evencnumwdOh caemwkulUbcqwm uDob cSwrwv
InwdurWhim
cnwmcDor .rwseforcp cnutogEheb iaWa csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof
,Inwvim
cnumwSwf ,Ikwmwn egunUmuzwm .evekeaWmwjurwt WsWluK egcaenUmuzwm
WviawfWvcauyil
cnwgiawDwv cSwyiruk cnegiaWnUmuzwm ,ukeaWmuv .evelWvus iliawLwhwSuh
uDnwguLwa
.eveSWvwn
?wtenWdiverukcnunEb cswb iawgumutwgened cnuhImWrukcSuk
- cnwmcDor cTWbor .rD -
(iawfWnwmih utWmUluAwm urutia iawkwTcSwmunid
ulIBufwt csevwmwn caeaWmwjurwt)
cnuhImWruk ctwkcawswm iawgWriaWd eg (linguistics
wtwvun) umcliA
eguhwb
cSwkwlWsim .eveaerukcaemwk cawtea wncnWn csevukwhwvud cSwlWyiK egWbit
:eveSWlWncsiv udemiaWtwlWH ivinwncnwa ,wmwnWnub
Wbit cnegimin cnITWP .evekeyer InWfUt iridnwa ,Ikwyer
,ednISia iawguTIs urwviawrcD iawrwa cSwrWk ,idwa .eveaejcaemukun
iaWkwhwf .eveaifenub urWk ,udnihea .eveaifiawlcSok cTWTcs unIjcnia
cnwkea .eveten caemwk enEverukcned .eveSWvcaunug cSwywmwh
cnwnug Wbit ,cnumwkcnehea .eveaenWvun caeTWTcs urWk caehInwrukun
'!caehwf ,caerwtwh ,caenit ,caEd ,caekea' :eveaifiawSwf
'!cnegiawvwlcawbWr cniawnigWm Ivencniawyit Wbit !WvcawrukufWAwm'
...eveaejcaivin unIjcnia egurWk ,ukeaWmunub cnehim
caenihik ,Inugnea caemwkcnia iawfevutcswm Wbit cSwrwTuyiPcmok egurWk
iaWyWbit csevuDwa egWbit .evencneg cSokulIluhwt uDwa egWbit ,Iaea
?eveycaeh
egWbit ,iaWmwk iawgcaenwtcnok IvuDob eLua Wbit .eveaedenub caemwk
cawtea Eheb
cnwkukWk IkwaWbit uduK idwa ,iaWmwkea wmwnWdwhugod Wbit ,iaWkwtcsWsuHia
ELua cSok cnurihWm eguhwb ,IkwmurukulIluhwt uDwa .eveaedenub uDwa
egWbit
(Forensic Linguistics)
csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof ,Iaea .evekemwk
iaWnUnWq ,Ikwa csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof .evekeawb egcaemcliA
Wyik evea
IlwmwA cnunEb eguhwb iawgukwtuTOk idwa ,iaWmutwgened cnuhIm WrukcSuk
,udiAWVwq
iawdOh cSwtctog wdwfea ,Iaea .evemcliA EdiawdOh cnwkulibWq egumuruk
cnutog
.evemcliA Eheb iaWmurukuzIfcnwt cnutogIlwmwA cnwkea
uDwa Enemih iawgcaeawkwhWv Wkcawd ukwhIm urwTuyiPcmok ,csevwmwn
iawgumurukulIluhwt uDwa urwTuyiPcmok ?eveycaeh caenihik ,InwrukulIluhwt
egrwaevcTcfos ,iawlWhwb cSwkwtiawb idukiduk wkwhWvWkcawd Wbit ,IkwtogWdwh
ivencnedim .eveaInwncnwg ened cnwkWbit IkwhIm ikcaed wkwhWv ea iawgIhea
Evelukea ('cnWxin eguDwa') 'cTcnircP csiaov' iawgEa ,Ikwa rwaevcTcfos
.evekeCcaea wncnuh cnwkulibWq enEvenwgened cnWxin eguDwa ,idwa .evekeCcaea
wdwfcaea Ekea (cTcnircP rwgcnif) 'cnWxin egIlignia' wmwh ,IkwnWxin
eguDwa
cnurwTuyiPcmok csev iawgumuruk ulIluhwt cnWxin egIlignia .evekeCcaea
egIlignia egcnuhIm cnehea iaWkwnWxin egIlignia ea ,IkwtogWdwh
iaWtWrwfirev egunWxin egIlignia ea ,idwa .evea InwlwbWLwa iaWkwtcnWxin
.eveaedcneg cSwyiruk ctwkcawswm ea rwaevcTcfos urwTuyiPcmok cnedcnwvWmid
.eveSwtogim wmwh Inwruk ctwkcawswm urwTuyiPcmok csev iawgumurukulIluhwt
uDwa
EverukWnWzwK cSwa rwaevcTcfos utWmUluAwm egunWxin egIlignia ,cnumwkcnehea
base) WnWzwK egutWmUluAwm
egurwTuyiPcmok ,csev cnWxin eguDwa ,cSwtog
egIlignia ,csevwmwn .eveaehej cnwncnuh iawfiverukWkcawr iawg (data
,IkwnWxin egIlignia egcaehIm ,IkwtWfwt wncnuh iaWnWxin eguDwa iaWnWxin
eruscnIvcnwfua WnEa .evenUn caeCcaea enWncnwa ulwdwb cSwaea csevukwhwvud
eguDwa ,csevwmwn .evekeCcaea wncnuh csiawn caelwdwb csev cSwywmwh
Wmuvurwm
wncnwa cSwtwHcais idwa ,ukeaWlwdwb wncnwa cSwrumuA egWhIm ,IkwnWxin
ivencnedim ,IkwnWxin eguDwa ,cnumwkcnehea .evekeCcaea Wv ulwdwb
,ukeaWkwlwdwb
,csevwmwn .evenUn caeCcaea urwbWrwb Wh cnWxin egIlignia iawkwTcSwbwbws
eruv cSwaea urwhwf caeawb idwa ,cniawdwfcaea EkenWxin egIlignia
,csev Iaea
cSuk (iawgcaednih ejcaibilun cnWxin egIlignia ,cSwkwlWsim) cSwDob
csev
.evekeCcaea ELuk caeruawd umcaihum iawgumudOh wtwvun iawgumutwgened
cnuhImWruk
.even cniawdwf enWvwhEd cnukwtWsidWH Wvwncnwdim
Wviawf cSokcDOkir iawnwmih caeDwa EverukWfwl cSwmwkuDwa egcnidWl
cnib WmWsua
uDwa ,uLokuhwf egurwhwa wnwv 2002 ,ctwqIqwH egcaePET cTesek
wtwvun OtuDwa egumIAwz eg Wdiawqclwa ,Iaea .eveaev iawfidOh cnegcSokulIluhwt
egcnidWl cnib ,iawkwTcSwmuruk cnwkim .eveaev iawfileb OtuDwa egcaehIm
cnehea
egcnidWl cnib WviawfIdcSokcnIqwy csev cnutWrwf egWdiawqclwa cnIruk
cSwmwkuDwa
egcnunehirif 16 cnehea ibwrwA ,iaWa (cnWxin eguDwa) cTcnircP csiaov
14
cSokWsWrid iawgIhea egrwaevcTcfos urwTuyiPcmok iaWacTcnircP csiaov
Whiruhea rwaevcTcfos rwTuyiPcmok ,iawgutogikcaed cniaWsWridim .eveaeviawf
ununef urwhwa wnwv 2002 idwa .eveailWhwb cSwywb ed caekwtcnWxin
eguDwa
uDwa rwTuyiPcMok iawgumwkcnUn uDwa egcnidWl cnib ,Inwv iawguPET
iawa cnumwnub cniaWdiawqclwa ,Ikwmumcnin im .eveaimcnin uhwf cSwmurukulIluhwt
uDwa egcnidWl cnib Iaea ,Inwviawfenub cnuhImea .evekemumcnin ctogcaea
iaWtog
'uLwgwr' ,Ikwmumcnin im egurwTuyiPcmok ,cswkwa emcnok .eveawgumwk
cnUn
iLum ,Iawyid cnegev ctwkcawswm ea ,cswyivun wtwvun cswyiv cSwkwmumcnin
,iawgumuruk ulIluhwt uDwa (EgnEn cnwkukWk) wdwfea ,csev cSwaeyinud
caemwk wyid cnegevwhEd cnwkumcaihum eg csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof
.eveawgumwk
uDwa urwhwfim ,csevwmwn .eveSEdwyilWvwncnwd csev caelWsim cnehea
wdwfim
,urUhcxwm ,IkwlWsim ,edWa .evemurukulIluhwt cnuyil .evenUn caemuruk
ulIluhwt
wyidcnumebil cnutWrwf egcaehIm EgnEn cnwkukWk cSwncnurwbcmem egubwlck
cgOD
egcscmOh ckolWx ,Ikwbwlck cgOD Wvwncnwdim .evekekwtITis egcmwzirwreT
egubwlck im .evekebwlck IqIqwh wmwh .evenUn caebwlck wlwhwk ELua
iawgWkwhWv
,Inwv iawgukwtITis wyid cnumwvunof ukwhIm EgnEn cnwkukWk cSwncnurwbcmem
egEretubwlck idwa IdcawturWzcnia utWfwt ,iheb iaWmwkcnwk ItWz egcnuhImea
egubwlck iawgukwtwkwhWv ea ,csevwmwn .evekwt wkwhWv wdwfElcaeg utwHwlcswm
ukwrwbcmem wdwfea wtwvun Wruk ukwrwbcmem egubwlck Iaea ,ItEnemih
cawturcais
,cnumwkcnehea .evenugnea cnwkcaemwk Wvuruk Wvcawl ukwhIm cnegeruh
iawgIDwa
iaWkwTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof cawtITis ea Imcnin WyirevulUacswm egubwlck
wdwfea ,cnumwkcnehea .eveSwmuleb cSokcswairIs wlwscawm ea cSokulWvwH
egumudea egcTcsiaugcnil ea ,idwa .evenukcaed cawtITis ea cSwkwTcsiaugcnil
caeaITis cnukwtITis Wviawfeyil cniruk ukwrwbcmem emcnok egubwlck
cnItwm
egumwkiretcnuyil WviawgukwtITis ea ,cned .eveaikcaed cSwmurukulIluhwt
WnEa
WviawfcSokcnunEb cawtcnWxin egumwkiretcnuyil idwa ,gcnilePcs ,iaWbUlcsua
cawtITis WviawfWvunof cnutogEgnEn cnwkukWk ,iawlwb (punctuation)
ctog
iaWa WnEa ,idwa .evenumcnin cSwmwk urWdcnWzwh egubwlck ea ,Inwviawfeyil
WnEa ,cnutog egcaeaWjItwn .eveaiv ufWrituAia cSwmwkea WnEa cnumurukulWvus
.evenuverukikwv cnubwlck
,iaWSwtog WviawfcSok ctWrWbiA caemuyil ,cniawdwf IvwhEd cniaWsidWH
im
eguhwb ,iaWSwrWSokcswb Wviawf cSokcnunEb ,iaWSwbUlcsua WviawfcSokcnunEb
Wviawfeyil cnutwa idwa ,iawlwb cSwnimurukugid egukwtwlumuj ,iaWSwkwtwmwh
ufincnwsum egcaemuyil ea ,iawlwb cSwtog Wviawfeyilea ,wmwn caemuyil
Wviawfeyil cSwtogEgnEn cnwkukWk ,csevcniruk egIm ,Iaim .eveaenWdivenwgened
ckiscnerof iawgumudOh cnufincnwsum egukwtcnuyil Imcswr caeawb egurWkurws
...evekelWsim cnehea csevidwa .evetog WviawfcSok ctwkcawswm cnuTcsiaugcnil
egurWkurws Wkiremea ,uhwf cSwaWlwmwH unuved cSwaWkiremea urwhwa
wnwv 2001
csckwrctcnea wyidcnumebil cSwkwtWrWzuv caeawb idwa iaWSwncnufwzcawvum
caeawb
cnWdnwh cnitwm egukwtITis 'irevurib' Wviawfived urWzcnia egumIsWrwj
caea Iviawfidefua cseviawgutih egcnemcnea uriaea ?eveycaeh iruhwbea
cnumwvunof ukwywb (IsEdib) urEb cniaWkiremea ,IkwkwtITis ea .evekelWvus
iaWaWlwmwH eg 11 rwbcmeTcPes ,Iaea ,wmwncnehea idwa - OtcaekwtITis
wyid
cSokulIluHwt cawtITis im .evelWvus wyid cnumeveruk Otcaeywb iruh
cnuLug
ivunof cSwmcaWA urImwa eguhIlijwm Wdwh unUnWq egWkiremea ,uhwfcSwmurukWsWrid
Wm iaWa cTebwfclea cnwmOr ,Inwviawfeyil cawtITisea ,Inwv iawguTOPir
cSwncnIbwrwA ELua eyil cnuhwb ibwrwA ,Iaea .eveSwmwkcaeawb Wv iawfevirevuluhwa
irevuluhwa egcaehwb ELuaeyil cnurukwa cnwmOr wdwf cswb isErignia
,eruv
cnuTcsiacgcnil ckiscnerof ,idwa .eveawgumwk caekwtITis Wviawfeyil
ukwywb
cSuk (Wviawfeyil cSwfWliK iaWkwtwmwh eguhwb) WviawgukwtITis ea ,iawgutog
inub
,ukwywb unuyilea ,Ikwkwtuzufwl Wviawfeyil cSokiawbun gcnilePcs ,iaWkwtwlumuj
.eveSwmwk caeaiLwm iruh iawfWhwj cSwmuvuLea cnwkea iawgulob egcnIbwrwA
,Inwv iawfeyil cawtITis ea ,iawgutog unugnea cnuhwf ,iawgutwqIqwH
.evekehIM wyidcnumeLua iawgWkiremea ,Wkcawd wkwhWv cnuhwb isErignia
cnuTcsiacgcnil ckiscnerof ,iawgukwtcSuk caeawb egcmwzirwreT ,Inuvencnedim
WriaWd cawtea utWfwt ,cswnUnim ,csevwmwn .evetwkcawswm caeawb iruh
iawfcSok
,cSwkwlWsim .eveaeveruk cnunEb egcsckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof ,iawgcaea
cnukwtctwlIBwv cnehinehea iaWTenwTcnia cnurwvirwd iawgumwkiretcnuyil
Ibwdwa
ulwkwn iawLwhwSuh iawgutog egulWyiK wlcaimwa egcnIdukea utWmUluAwm
WdOh
iawgIhea egcsckiTcsiacgcnil ckiscnerof ,(plagiarism)
cnwkWd cnumwruk
cnuyil ,cSwtogWv iawgukwtulWsim ivencned cniruk .eveaevenwg ened
egumuleb Otctwkcawswm wlcaimwa egcaejcaukea Iaea cnegcSok WsWrid
cSokulIluHwt
egutwvWbim .eveawfIdiawdOh InwvurWhim csckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof
cnwkulibWq
.eveawfWdcawfua Inwv urWhim csev cawtrwaevcTcfos rwTuyiPcmok
idwa cDWvwh ,cSwkwlWsim) iawgukwtITisrwvinuy urUhcxwm egEyinud ,cnutogim
rwaevcTcfos ubWyimWk emcnea WrukcnunEb urWhim (iawgITisrwvinuy cnwbclem
ctwkcawswm cawtrwaevcTcfos wdwfim .evea
(Turnitin) cniacTiacnWT ,Ikwa
rwaevcTcfos ,cSokcnEkcs cSwrwTuyiPcMok unUmuzwm iLehwSuh Wjcauk
,Ikwtog Wruk
cniawlcnoa idwa iaWawguTenwTcnia cnia rwaevcTcfos ,cnumurukulWvwH
iaWa
urwvcnim wncnuh iawfcSok ulwkwn ,iawlwbWLwa iaWkwtcnuyil Wv iawgukwtIrwrcbiawl
.eveaeruk urWycawt caeTOPir cnutogEheb iaWnUmuzwm ea ,idwa .eveaenwgened
ulcBwa egEa ,iaWkwtwlumuj iruh iawfcSok ulwkwn ,ukwjcaukea ,iawguTOPirim
wlcaimwa iawbcaenwa iawfcSokulwkwn iawbcaea ,idwa .eveaeruh iawfId
iawkcawd
cawtwlumuj ea ,enwgened csev cawtwlumuj wncnuh iawfcSokulwdwb cnutWrWbiA
iawfIdenub cniawtcawscnia cnwk cSwkwrwvcnim Whik Inwv iawfcSok ulwkwn
cnutog egulWyiK ,csevwmwn utWfwt cnurukctWrWbiA egiawlumuj ,idwa
.eveaeruh
im urwTuyiPcmok .eveaeruh iawfcSok wgwhWf cnikwv csev cawtwlumuj
ctogcaea
cniacTiacnWT) .evetcnukis 50 emcnea iawgcaetog wlumuj ,Inwgwn cSwtwkcawswm
.(eveaenWvcawlibil cnia www.turnitin.com utWmUluAwm urutia Eheb
iaWa
ivencnedim WviawfcSokurWycawt iawgIhea egcsckiTcsiaugcnil ckiscnerof
,idwa
.evenUn caea Inwncnwgened cnuruk ulwkwn ,inwkeawmwh ,cnukwtrwaevuTcfos
wdwf
criteria) uDnwgcnim
Ed csckWm egcnuLufEbea cnusircawdum ,cnurutia egEa
cawturwpEP ea cnia rwaevcTcfos ,cnumuLea cSwa rwaevcTcfos (marking
cSwywlcaimwa csircawdum ,wmwncnunEb ,idwa .eveaed csev csckWm iawlwb
WvcnunEb cSwmwkim .eveaenWdiveruk ukWm cnegcSokcnunEb rwaevcTcfos
,csev
csOg cnilePcs ,cSwkwlWsim .eveaeruh iawg rwaevcTcfos csev cawtcnWxin
cneveyil cnehim 'sp'
iawgIriawk egcaezufwl ea iawkwTcSwmugcnea cnwkea ,wmwn
WrukcnunEb cswb Incnwf ,wdwfWriaWd InUnWq ,cnurutia egIm .eveaeruh
ea ,cawtcnuyik eyil wncnuh iawfeyil cnuhwb Incnwf ,iawgukwtWriaWd
egumurukctWrWbiA cnuhwb egiawdWa cnehenElcaegun wnWm Wviawgukwtcnuyikeyil
,idwa .eveaeruh iawg rwaevcTcfos caeawb wdwf ivencnedim ,csev cnwkulibWq
iawlwb Otctogcaea iaWlcBwa egEa cawtcnuyil Everuk Wmwjurwt ,iawgWriaWd
InUnWq
.eveaeveruk cnunEb wbea cawtrwaevcTcfos wdwfim ,csev cSwmurukcsWf
csuh Ivencnedim ,csevwmwn ?eveycaeh cnUn ejcaev ubiaWjwa Wbit urWhim
,idwa .evekemcliA umcaihum csev iawgutWz egEa ,IkwmcliA EhebiaWhwb
.evetwqIqwH
cswyivencnedun uDnwguLwa cnwk umcaihum egEa ,cnumuvukea iaWa IjolonckeT
iawdOh cnuhImWruk cSuk ,cnuhwf egIm .eveaenEveruk csWsuHia cSwaWbit
urWhim
urwtcawmws wncnefea cnukwtumclif ,Wrukea ctwkcawswm iawgumurukilwb
cnuhImea
cnWriawH udem iaWncnulwYwb wnWdwLuk ireveguDnwgiSwh Itwrcswk ,oyeh
egcaerwTuyiPcmok cawtutugwv iruhugwa egcaeywb ea ,csevwmwn .eveSWvun
cawtctwrwa iteDob cnegcSokcnunEb umcliA eguhwb ,cSokwdEh iawgIriawk
!eveSWvubiaWjwa udem iaWncnuTcsiaugcnil ilifunUt Wdea cnumwrukulcawH
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