ulIj wmwtwruf

iawgutog eguTikrWs ckinOroTckelia iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIj wmwtwruf
Enemih caekwtcTikrWs iawgEretegEa Iaim .evebuyiTcmuyikev InuverukcnunEb
cnunEb iawgutog egIrwmem iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIjim .evekebuyiT irUlcaib
ckiTencgem IkwmwrcD wtwvun cmwrcDckiTencgem .eveacmwrcDckiTencgem Inuveruk
Iaim .evekerwDcnilis egunwdcAwm ,uDob Wviawfivurof cnia cDiawsckoa cnwywa
cmwrcDckiTencgem cSwmurukWkcawr iaWSwmurukcDIr utWmUlcAwm .evekeCcaea wdwfcaekcsiD
WtIf csevwmwn .eveaenWvcswvwa eruv cSwkwaWtIf wtwvun ckcsiD utugwv WrukwdEh
.evedwm urwvcnim EverukWkcawr utWmUlcAwm iawgIm eruvcSwkwkcsiD wtwvun

udwrwK egumuruk uTErwpoa ,iteDob cSwfWliK WywdWa Ikwkwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIjim
.evekekwtrwTuyipcmok ItwmcSwrwv csevurwvcnim eguTcnwrwk WvcnunEb, uDob
.eveawdcawfua unUh cSwkwdwdwa wnig cSwrwv cnukwtrwTuyiPcmokim

.eveketwkcawswm emcnea InEveruk ukwrwhwf cnukwtrwTuyiPcmok egulIj wmwtwruf
.evekwtuDwg egWtIf iaWkwtcDrWk IneverukcnunEb iawgutog eguTuPcnia iawgIm
egulIjim .eveawgutog egcsuTuawa cTcnircP InWncnuh cnwncnef uTuPcTuawa
egcjEaugcnEl cnimWrcgorcP Iaim .evejEaugcnEl cnixem Ikwhwb egukwt rwTuyiPcmok
.eveaitcnwfcSwd emcnea

idwa (UNIVAC)ckevinuy iawgEret egukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIj wmwtwruf
wmwtwruf emcnea cSwaWriaWd egIrWfwyiv .eveaenemih rwTuyiPcmok (ENIAC)ckeainea
.eveaenub cKIrWt iawgumwk rwTuyiPcmok ckevinuy Inuveren

rwTcsiscnWrcT 1963--1956 : clIj wnwved

iawgulwdwb egukwt cbuyiT cmuyikev iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIj wnwved
InuverukudWjIa rwTsiscnWrcT .evenuSef cnwrukcnunEb rwTcsiscnWrcT
rwTcsiscnWrcT iawgcaeaWriaWdWLuf iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok, csevwmwn iawg1497
Ikwa rwTcsiscnWrcT .eveawguLokuhwf egukwturwhwa eguhWscnwf ISef cneverukcnunEb
.evekeCcaea uLwgwr urwvcnefWm eruv cSwbuyiTcmuyikev


, evwDuk uziaws egukwt rwTuyiPcmok cnumuSef cnwrukcnunEb rwTcsiscnWrcT
cSwrwv cseviawgukwt rwTuyiPcmokim .eveawyid cnegevoyehugwa ,evivulwh ctwkcawswm
cseviawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIj wnwved .eveawdcawfua unUh cSwkwdwdwA Itwm
uTuPcTuawa .evekwtuDwg egWtIf iaWkwtcDrWk InuverukcnunEb iawgutog eguTuPcnia
.eveawgutog egcsuTuawa cTcnircP InWncnuh cnwncnef

Ilcbcmesea iawgulwdwb egcjEacgcnElcnixem iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmok egulIj wnwved
uLwgnwr urwvcnef iawgulIjim wmwh idwa .evenuSefcnwrukcnunEb cjEacgcnEl
egIrwmem iawgukwt rwTuyiPcmokim .evenuveruk Iqcawrwt cawtcjEacgcnEl cnimWrcgorcp
cneverukcnunEb IjolonckeT Ok ckiTencgem iawgulwdwb egcmwrcD ckiTencgem iawgutog
,evenuSef

cscTikrws cDeTErcgrwTcnia :1971-1964 ulIj wnwvcnit

.eveaIqcawrwt egcTikrws cDeTErcgrwTcnia Ikwmwk EvelcSokwgwhWf emcnea egulIjim
cawtrwTcsiscnWrcT ukea iaWaIqcawrwt egcscTikrws cDeTErcgrwTcnia
iaWSwDIPcs egrwTuyiPcmok .evenuvelcSokurwh iawgcPiC cnOkilis uhwfcSwmulcSokwDuk
cscTikrws cDeTErcgrwTcnia caemwkivulwh uDob cSwrwv cSwaIscnwaisifea
.evenidcseneg

iaWkwacmwTcsis gcniTErwPoa iawgulwdwb egcscTuawa cTcnircP iaWkwtcDrWk
caekwtctwkcawswm urwviawb cawtea iawgIhea egurwTInom iaWDrObIk WviawfivelWLug
.evenidiawbcail cnwkclibWq egumuruk Wrwhwfcaea

cnutog egcaeaWjItwn egumuvwDuk cziaws egEa evoyeh ugwa cawt rwTuyiPcmok
.eveawyid cnegevurutia cSwDob cSwrwv udwdwA egcnuhIm WrukcnunEb rwTuyiPcmok

rwsesorcPOrckiawm :ulIj wnwvurwtwh

iawgulIj wmwtwruf ,evelIj ivcfwrWAwt rwsesorcpOrckiawm IkwlIj wnwvurwtwh
egrwsesorcpOrckiawm cawtrwTuyiPcMok iruh cnimuDob egcaeairwTok egiawdWa
1971 .eveawyid cnegevwDuk cSwrwv WvcTif cSwkwzEm egiawdWa ukea iaWaIqcawrwt
Whiruh egurwTuyiPcmok iverukIqcawrwt 4004 cTescPiC cleTcnia urwhwa wnwv
.evenuverukurwh iawgcaeCcaea

wmwtwruf iawkwTcSwmurukcnunEb iawguluawHWm egEretEg cnia cmeaIbiawa iawg1981
cninufcnuk clwpea urwhwa wnwv 1984 idwa .eveairukcfwrWAwt rwTuyiPcMok
.eveairukcfwrWAwt cawturwsesorcp cxoTcnikem

wdwf csuawm cSwrutia egurwTInom iaWDrObIk iawgukwtrwTuyiPcmok egulIj wnwvurwtwh
idwa .eveaiv iawfevcswvwnwt ctog EnEverukcnunEb cawtcsiawviD Itwmctwa
idwa .evenubil cnwkclibWq egumulWLug iaWTenrwTcnia rwTuyiPcmok iawgulIjim
.evenuSef cneveruk cnunEb csEfwTcnia rwzUy ckifercg

:ulIj wnwvcswf

egcscniaws rwTuyiPcmok Inwv iawfevWnib cawtrwTuyiPcmok egulIj wnwvcswf
Iaim .eveSwCcawm eg cscnejileTcnia clwaixifiTrwa WviawgumwkcaeCcnWrcb
cSwmurukctogcaea iaWkwt ufurcawBwt egcnunWscnia cawtufurcawBwt egrwTuyiPcmok
.evemcliA Wrukctwkcawswm

cSwkwhwvud caehwvud Inwd cawtrwTuyiPcMok egulIjim cnuSwd egulUBuaim
cnwkwnWdwLuk egumutwgened uDwa cSwkwtrwTuyiPcmok egudwaim .evencnumeverukIqcawrwt
egrwTuyiPcmok caeaIqcawrwt cawtea cnUnim iawgclwbcqwtcsum idwa .eveaeviawfibil
.eveaenWd cneginef cniaeyinud



iawfibneg cSwaeret egunef Itoa cniruk csrWm -

: urWb egumurukWvurwf Enemih iawgukwtwluk -
caetwqIqwH ivinwvurukcnWriawH
ctwncAwl eg unuawAcrif -
?Wbok IkwaWfIzwv eguDWk csckifercg iawgcaerwTuaipcmok -
.ifiawvunof cawtOTof wluk egcsrWm cnia cTiripcs -
.ifiawvunof cSwmib cawtOTof egcsrWm cniacTiripcs -
csODcniv cniaereteguKIrWt -
.cSwr IKIrWt ivukWlwh iawgumulehcnib : cmwb -
?wtcaetwqIqwH ..iteCcaea Ehudua EgnEnctog -
.cnegiLoa Inuved cSwaWkiremea cSwacswbcmwlok -
..caemulWlwb cSwacswriawv rwTuaipcmok -