: cnutwgiawDwvevcnwfua
cnib cnIdcauriBWn udwmcawHum IkwLufcnwn wmwhiruf egInWbclwa cKiawx
cKiawx .eveaInWbclwa IkwLufcnwn urUhcxwm .evea InWbclwaclwa cHUn ujcaWHclwa
, ( m-1914 ) urwhwa wnwv 1333 cniawrujih ItwgiawDwvevcnwfua InWbclwa
.eveawgcaeSwr unuaik Ea WrcdUgcxwa cSwrirev egurEa (WainEbclwa) egWyinWbclwa
idnwscaum cnutogImcliA csevwmwncnehea urIqwf cnutogIdcaWm Ikwa WliaWA
cnuLoa cawtcawtcnwk InId cnuhIm eguSwr ea IkwLufWpcawb .evekeaWliaWA irevcnId
.evekeacAijcrwm Wd cSwmuvulif

egWairUs ,iawvcawrukUd WyinWbclwa ukeaWLufWpcawb uria uLupcaut cSwrwv InWbclwa
ea .evetwgiawDwvevirevcnwzwv iawgnWtea ,iawvcaerukwrujih cSwqcximid
,UGWz udwmcHwa ivencnuh cSwkwlwkcswr urEa iawgWyinWbclwa Ikwrwvcswvud
cSwaWmid iaWmWzin InWmcliA egugnwLuh iawvcawrukUd cawtwdWkwdWa ImWlcsia
.eveaem csevuLokcswvud ihejubWrcsim

cnia "IriawK clufWAcsia clutwswrcdwm" egnWtea cnegiawDwv cSwqcximid
.evetwgiawDwvinegnua umIlcAwt IaWditcbia

IkwmIlcAwt ImWzin ctoaurEa ,iawgutog ctwgiawDwveked uLufWpcawb egInWbclwa
.evenUn caeCcaea enEbil caemcliA egcaerwvcnef uLwgnwr Whea cnutogInId
cSwkwaWsurwdwm Ed umIlcAwt ImWzin ,cnumuvemcnin IaWditcbia InWbclwa evcnehea
iaWdIvujwt iaWnWauruq cnuSwd egcaemWrugorup wBcawK ,iawgulwdwb egumuvcaunof
uhuqif egubwhcJwm IfwnwH idwa ,cfurwB UHwn Wviawgumwk cawtumcliA eguhwbibwrwA
.eveaivcaed iawvwncnwgnua

egcmiBWA cnwA cBcfwH ,cnuSwd egumuvelcaeb eguLufWpcawb ,InWbclwa cnutog ea
caeKiawx egurEa idwa .eveaivcaerukcswd utih cnWauruq itirIk ,cSwtwyWvir
idwa cswb iaWmcliA uhuqif cnuhwairwa egInWhurub cludIAws cKiawx Wviawgumwk
WmWlcawA ,ItwgiawDwv InWbclwa urwvcswvudim wmwh .eveaivuLWdiv Wvwyik WGWlwb
.evencnumwvwscawauDwa cawtcsurwd ImcliA egurWYiawb clutwjuhwb

iawgcaetog wmwhiruf cSwrwv csevInWbclwa ,cnumwk caehIm WdwhiDwg IkwLufWpcawb
cSwkwhIm urUhcxwm cniaWriaWd im ,iawvcawrukcswd ctwkcawswm egumudehiDwg
egurwv EvevcauLuairid ,Iawyid cnegev ctwkcawswm egumudehiDwg .evetwgiawDwvev
egumudOh umcliA iaWmuvuLWdivWvwyik ctof cnuLokcaenwa idwa Ebil caeaInwdcmWa
cswb ibwrwA cnumutwgiawDwv cSwaWairUs .eveSwkwtwkcawswm Ebil csevutugwv
cnuvegcnen umcliA cnurwdcBwm ulcswa egumcliA InId ,cnegiawDwvignea
.eveawyid cnegiawDwvevwhEswf cSwaInWbclwa


: cnuvescaejubWrcsim cSwaWmid iaWmcliA cXIdwH
cSwmuruk ulwkwn ubwhcJwm IfwnwH inwkeawmwh ,iawnIfun cSwaeret egumcliA cXIdwH
iaWmcliA cXIdwH InWbclwa csevwmwn .eveaivcaed udWxuria uLufWpcawb egInWbclwa
urUhcxwm egurEa ,iawgurwhwa whiv cnurumuA .eveaivescaej ubWrcsim cSwlWmid
Eren cnuSwd egumuvelcaeb egWFir udIxwr udwmcawHum Wviawgumwk caeairevumcliA
.eveairuk cSwmuncsiv iaWrukif egInWbclwa , urwswa egWlcawjwm urWnwmclwa

IncGumclwa '' ,Ikwmwk ivcaeruk InWbclwa cSwkwmwk wmwtwruf emcnea ELug iaWXIdwH
Ea '' irWbcKwaclwa cnim iaWycHia clif Wm cjIrcKwt If urWfcswa clilcmwH cnwa
IkwLufurumuA urEa .evemuvcauail cnutog Eheb iaWkwtcXIdwH iruh iawg caetof Eyik
.everwhwa ihiv

ignea IkwaInWbclwa iawgudem egcnirevumcliA eguqcxcmid cnubwbws egumwk im
cniaWnWKubutuk " WycairihWZcawa " egnWtea evcnehea .eveaiv cSwkwhIm wncnwd
cnunEb idwa .evenid cSokwBcaWK csevcaeairwTok ikwv enWvwncnuh InWbclwa
egnWtea iawkwTcSwmuruk ehEswf csogcsiawa cSwnwtea ukwtugwv
.evenuveruk ulWvwh csevcaeaiDnwduLwt

urwhwa egIhiv cnuLufurumuA ItwgiawDwvedwv InWbclwa cSwaeret egumuvcauail ctof
cnuLug iaWmcliA uhuqif Ivcauail wmwtwruf emcnea cnutog ea .eveawgEret egukwt
cliJWKitcaia cnim wdijWswm clurIJcHwt " Ikwmwn egutof ea .eveketof iruh
urubwq ,iaWmudeh iawgutog egutikcsim cawturubwq Iaim .evea '' wdijWswm wrUbuq
cnwkcnUn caemwk enWvwdcauh Ikwmuruk Wnib ctikcsim iawgnWtcnwt wncnuh
Wa iveruk Wa Inwvctof im urwhwf caekwtea .eveketof WviawfId cSokcnWywb
emcnea ivcauail iawgWriaWd egumuruk ujIrcKwt cXIdwH .eveawfiveren caekwtupWC
caumwjcAum ijIrcKwt wv ibIturwt If urIFwn cauFuawrcawa " ,Ikwtof wmwtwruf
.eveketof Eyik Ea " crIGwBcawa InWrwbwY

,Ikwbwbws uDob emcnea ivirevudem cSumuvegcnih cnugwm Ifwlws InWbclwa cKiawx
ea enwgiawDwviawnIf cSwaeret egumcliA Eheb iaWLufcXIdwH egWlUswr itirIk
cnirevumcliA urUhcxwm egWsurwdwm Ifwlws idwa .evemutiawDwvinegnua egumcliA
wdwf cmiycawq cluncbia ,Wyimiawt uncbia cmWlcsia cluKiawx Wviawgumwk
iawgugwm Ifwlws InWbclwa ,Iawyid cnegev cnuvuLWdiv Wyik ,cawtctof egcnuLufEb
.eveSwkwmwk ctwgiawDwvevutibWs cSwrutia

cnegiawvwpcaih urwmcnwd egutwncnus WdIs ,iaWdIHuawt WdIs iawgWairUs
ulwdcawb iaWkwkwtcnirevumcliA wnig egnWt ea idwa .evetwgiawDwvevudet InWbclwa
cnwkuLwgnwrun egumuv ubuBcawAwt cSwkwbwhcJwm ikwv iaWkwtwAcdib ,iawvcawruk
ctoa iawfirutef cSwDob cSwrwv iawgWairUs idwa .eveaivcaedcSok cnWywb
wmWrugnwh ImcliA ,iaWkwtwAudib utWfwt idwa iaWkwtctog IfUB ,iaWtWfWruK
.eveaivcaeruk

cnuhIm unuhejun wmwh ctih iaWmuvcaelWvog egInWbclwa ,Iawyid cnegev cSwkwaWjItwn
utwrcfwn eked InWbclwa cnumcaWA idwa ,WlWscawj cnutog ItWz iaWa InWbclwa
.evemurutef cawtuDwa wdwf Ekea " IbWhcawv Wviawfiderufugwm Iaea '' cnwvuruk

.eveailWvog cnuhIm ukwywb csevcSwmuhEn uDwa cawtuLwvWlif egInWbclwa idwa
cnirevumcliA urUhcxwm iteDob ivebcait urEa iawguqcximid csevwmwn
cSwairuk iawgugwm Ifwlws WvcawlWvog InWbclwa ,Wvcaed urwvctih cSwaInWbclwa
,urWYiawbclwa utwjchwb WmWlcawA iawgEret egIm .eveaiviretctwHEBwn cSwmutwgiawDwv
csIawr egWycaiAcmwj cnunWvuz cmilcsum egWyirUs) cHWtcawfcludcbwA cKiawxcawa
.eveawvwncnwgiawDwvinemih cnirevumcliA wdwf Wrczibclwa uqIfuawt cKiawxcawa , (


: ctwkcawswm egumuvcaelWvog cSwnId
wrub cSwrwv InWbclwa cKiawx ,iawgumuvcaelWvog cSwnId cmWlcsia
-: cnutogea .eveaivcaeruk caekwtuLupctwkcawswm
caekwtuLwvWlif egumcliA InId InWbclwa cKiawx ,uhwvud ed ukwaWtcfwh emcnok -
iaWncnurwvirwd Enegnua umcliA InId cSwkwtuLwvWlif im .eveaivcaed
InWbclwa iawgukwtuLwvWlif im .eveaivuriFWH csevcnuzWtcsua egukwtITisWvinuy
.eveaenemih cawtctof ivinwncnwa im iawgEret egukwtctof ivcaed Wvwyik
" egubWhcawvcludcbwA cnib udwmcawHum cnib cnwswH cnib cnWmcHwrcaudcbwA -
. " cdIjwm cluHctwf
" Wycaihwb clurwrud cauHcrwx Wycaidwn cautwFuawrcawa " egInWkuawx -
." uhcqif clulUBua" egcfWlcawH cbWhcawv cludcbwA -
."cXIdwH clumUluA urWBitcKia uHcrwx cXIXwH cluXiAWbclwa " egurIXwk uncbia -
. imckuHclif cmWlcsia clujWhcnim egudwswa udwmcawHum -
. Wncaus cauhcqif eguqibWs udiycaws -

urutwd cSwSwrcSwr utWfwt egWyirUs InWbclwa ukwhwm emcnok emcnehea wmwh
idwa .eveaivcaed iawvwncnwgnua cSwncnuhIm cawtcsurwd InId ,iawvcawruk
iawvcnwnwgnua umcliA cseviawgWtea enwgiawDwv cSwa cnudurua urwhwfcaeawb
egumwk im .eveaiveTcaef cnwvcauLua iawgcnudurua cnuhwf idwa .eveaivcaed
Wa InWbclwa WvuTuk Iriawk urWkurws WyirUs cnuhIm ukwywb Iv cSwkwaWjItwn
.evemuvuruk irevuLoked

: cnuvcaeruk ctek cSwlugwdnua
cSwKiawx ,Iawyid cnurWkurws WyirUs uLokIruk egurwhwa wnwv 1960
IsWyis csevcSwkwtogcaea IkwaInWbclwa cKiawx csevwmwn .evencnumwlwrWf
iaWkwtcnutcaif egurWkurws .evenUn caeLufEb ctwgiawDwvedwv cSwaeret egukwtcnwk
egcaerwhwf ed cnutogea .eveawyid cnumwrOf cSwKiawx Ugwdnua itwd utWfwt ideh
ed urwhwa wnwv 67 ,Inuveruk urwycawh wmwtwruf .evenuveruk urwycawh cnitwm
cluKiawx IkwaWlcaik ea .eveawg '' Wlcaik uqcximid " cnedcnwv cswvud cswm
ibwrwA eg 67 .eveaWlcaik unuveruk urwycawh csevWyimiawt uncbia cmWlcsia
cnwvinim InWbclwa ,cSwrWkurws WyirUs cnumuTcaef wmWrugnwh clIaWrcsia
.evenuveruk cnwvinim ,cnumunef cnwruk

urwhwfim .evenuveruk urwycawh csevWkcaenwa WmIvwdwg wmWrugnwh csevwmwn
im .eveawgulwj " WkcsiH " wncnuh iawgurutua eguqcximid Inuveruk urwycawh
wdEh im iawgulwj .eveaivcaeruk wdEh cswvud cswm cSwa cKiawx iawgulwj
iruh iawg " cmilcsum cHIHwB urwBwtcKum " egIriJcnum urwvcswvud ivcaeruk
utWfwt idwa .eveaivcaeruk uqIqcHwt ctof ea iawdOh cawtcnudOh Eheb iaWkwtcXIdwH
ulwdcawb urwvcswvud ivencnuh iawgulwj iaWkwtutwycaiBcKwx iteDob
.evetwgiawDwvev

: cawtumWnia iaWkwtuLuPctwkcawswm ivcaeruk
uhuqif ImWlcsia ,unuren urwhwa wnwv 1955 cnITisWvinuy uqcximid -1
,cnuruk ujIrcKwt cawtcXIdwH Eheb iaWmukcaiv enwg eg WaiDIpolckiawscnia
.evenuveruk ulWvwh iaWKiawx

Eheb WmcliA cXIdwH ,urwvcswvud unuvelcSokcaea iaWrcBim iaWaWairUs -2
InWbclwa cSwkwrwbcnem egITimok unudcaefua cnwyil ctof iawdOh cawtcnudOh
.evetwgiawDwvivoh

InWbclwa ,cnEdiawvwyik cXIdwH egITisWvinuy Wycaifwlws egWaiDcnia -3
cnWtcsikWp WaiDcnia urwvcswvud ea csevwmwn .evenudea cnunwt ea cnuhwairwa
iawgukea ,cniduk iaWncnulwbnwkibnwa cnubwbws egumuaid cnumwgnih wmWrugnwh
.evetwgiawDwvevirevuruzua cnWd cSwaWaiDcnia ,WmIvUgwdnua cnuaidcneg

InWbclwa , urwhwa wnwv 1388 cniawrujih cfirWAwm clurIzwv egWycaidUAus -4
iawb Eheb iaWkwtWsWrid ImWlcsia egITisWvinuy Wkcawm cnegiawDwv cSwaWkcawm
iawDwv cnutog ivWmid cnwk csevwmwn .evetwgiawDwvidea cSwmuvcaed iawvwgcnih
.evenuvenwgun

egWnIdwm ,udemed iaWrwhwa wnwv 1398 iaWrwhwa wnwv 1395 cniawrujih -5
.eveaivcauLua cSwkwrwbcnem eguhIlcjwm Itwm egITisWvinuy ImWlcsia

,cSwkwtwvcAwd ivurea cnudWHitcaia egcnidukWvwyik cmilcsum egcnEpcs -6
im " ctwjcauH egcXIdwH iawgukwtcmukuH iaWycawgWdIqwA " cnegiawDwv cSwnEpcs
.eveaivcaed caeaWrwFWHum cSwaUFuawm

Eheb Wa '' cmWqwm egutwncnus iawgunId cmWlcsia '' ,cnegiawDwv cSwrwYwq -7
.eveaivekcaed wkwhWv cnutog

idwa ,cbircGwm ,urcBim ,iawgutog egcaebUdcnwm eg czWb cnib cKiawx -8
cSwdIHuawt wmwhiruf iawTcawhwfih iawgutwncnus iaWnWauruq ,iawgutWlivisErignia
.evetwgiawDwv cnwlWvog

idwa .eveaivcaed cawtWrwFWHum utWfwt cnegiawDwv cSwtWrWmia ,utiawvuk -9
WncnumWlcsia egnWtcnwtea cnegiawDwv csevcSwkwkwtumuawq wnig egupwrUy
.eveaivcaeruk ulwdcawb

Eved cSwkwtWsWrid ImWlcsia egclwBiawf ckilwm urwhwa wnwv 1999 -10
.eveawfcnegiawDwvibil cSwaInWbclwa cKiawx ,Inwv csevumWnia

: cawtctof ivcauail
caekwtctof iruh ugwa unwhun cnutog ImcliA Inwv InWbclwa cKiawx
uqIqcHwt caetof cawtea Wviawfeyil cnuhIm cnehea idwa .eveawfWvcauail
-: iawgEret egEa .eveaev iawfWvcawruk

( cawtcXIdwH cfIAwF ) WfIAwFcawa cXIdWHwa clutwlisclis -h
( cawtcXIdwH cHIHwB ) WHIHwBcawa cXIdWHwa clutwlisclis -S
egutwrwyis iaWXIdwH ) WrIs cawv Ivwbwncawa cXIdwH clwa cnwA uAWfid -n
( caetofivuail iawguAWfid
( caetof Eheb Wmwk cmWrwH unWmWs ckizuaim ) cbwrwY cautWlWa cmIrcHwt -r
wHcawB Wviawfcsiawa iawgutwrwyis ) Wycaivwbwncawa utwrIscawa cHIHwB -b
( caetofivuail iawvcawruk ikwv cawtcXIdwH
Wnub cSwmwk ubijWv cnuLea Wgurub unUm Iaim ) cmwHcfum cludcawrcawa -L
cnWywb ( Wgurub unUm) cnwkcnUn caemwk ubijWv Iaea ,Wvcaed udcawr cSwncnuhIm
( caetof ivcauail iawvcawruk
( caetof Eheb WmwkuLwa egWrcmuA ujcawH ) WrcmuAclwa wv ujcawH clukisWnwm -k
cnuhIm WlWvog cSwnId ) cmWlcsia clutWAud Wy cnwlwvcawa udIHuawtcawa -a
WvcaedcSok cnWywb cnwk cnulWvog cSwdIHuawt IvcnEd cnwkutwycaimcawhwa wmwtwruf
( caetof
Wruk cnuhIm iawgEa iaWkwtcmukuH egWzWnwj ) WhiAwdib wv cziaWnwj clumWkcHwa -v
( caetof Eheb Wkwtcnwk wAcdib
ivcaeruk udWmwn WlUswr itirIk ) uycaibwn caitWlwB utwfiB uBIKclwt -f
( caetof iawfWvcaedcSok cnWywb ctog
( caetof Eheb iaWmwk uDob egumuruk urufuk cnuhIm ) urIfckwt cautwnctif -d
( caetof Eheb iaWkwtubwdwa egEr egIneviawk ) cfWfiz caubWdWa -t
cnehea Wvwyif Q ctWm ) IhimWkcHwa wv IhiAWvcnwA cluscawvwtcawa -l
caetof EdcSok cnWywb cnwkcaemwk wlwhwkcnok Iaea WmudOh cnwkirevigWv egcaetWrwf
(

ilWvoh cniaeret egcaeTcsil iruh ctof egcaedwdwA Wruk ctwg iaWawkEtws Iaim
cKiawx ,caetof caekwtea Evenwgun cnwn iawgnWtim .evekekwtctof ikwv ikwv
.eveaev iawfWvcauail InWbclwa


: Inwv uLWdiv cnirevumcliA cnehea
unevcned ulWvus uhwairwa czWb cnib cKiawx ,cnutogEheb Wa InWbclwa cKiawx
cnIdcauriBWn udwmcawHum WmWlcawA ,iawgunWmwz im '' .eveaIvuLWdiv udnih
" .evemekedun cnerwhwa cnuSwd uDua im ,aeairevumcliA cXIdwH wdwf InWbclwaclwa
ctWm caehIm enEdcseneg caeHUr Wa cSwnId im iawgcaerwhwa wkWtws emcnok cned
iaWzWb cnib ,cnutogEheb iaWLufcXIdwH egWlUswr ,wncnoa cSwmwk enWvwvcaunof Q
udnihea .evenuvencned Otiawbok IkwhIm ea iawgunWmwz im idwa ,ivencned ulWvus
.eveSwmwk InWbclwa IkwhIm wdwfea iawgunWmwz im IvuLWdiv czWb cnib


udWbcawAclwa cniscHum cludcbwA cKiawxcautwlIFwf ,cnutog Eheb Wa InWbclwa
wmWrugnwh iaWkwtwAcdib ,WlWvog cSwgwm eg Q ctWm IkwaInWbclwa " IvuLWdiv
ctwncnus egWlUswr itirIk ,Id urcswn cSwaWdIqwA Ifwlws ,Wvcawruk
udwm iruk wdEh urumuA cSwmwkea eyil cnutog Eheb Wtwncnus ea ,cSokuAWfid
egcnirevumcliA Everuk wgnwhWf Iaea idwa .evekeLufEb cniaeret egcnirevumcliA
csevcnuBcaWK iaWncnumcaWA cnwkcaehIm utWfwt IkwaInWbclwa .evekeLufEb cniaeret
ilcaeg caeairevumcliA wdwf ea iawgutog cten csevcaekcawx idwa .eveaenwd
InWbclwa idwa .eveketWbIBum ivitwmiruk cSwtwmcaua ImWlcsia Ikwmuaid
Wzwj oyeh Q ctWm cSwLuPctwkcawswm iruhugwa ivcaeruk iawkwTcSwnId
" .eveaiSWvcaed itwvog cniaegurwvus cswvwnwt idwa .eveaiSWvcaed

cnerwhwa " Inwv iawfevuLWdiv cnImiawXuA cKiawx cnutogEheb Wa InWbclwa
,Inugnea cSwncnerwhwa cnukwtWbwsWnum udwm ivulwdcawb iaWaInWbclwa cKiawx
ctwkcawswm cSwDob cSwrwv cSwmuruk ulwmwA cSwtwncnus cSwDob cSwrwv cKiawx
cswyiv iawgukwtcnwkuLwa wtwvun iawgukwtwlwscawm egWdIqwA idwa .evemwk Wvcawruk
egcKiawx cnerwhwa idwa .evemwk Wvcawruk wmWrugnwh iaWa wAudib wncnuh
caerwvcnim uDob egumcliA cXIdwH Iaea Inwviawfignea cnumuaik cawtctof
Wdiawf oyeh egukwtctof ivcauail cKiawx idwa .evemwk caelwkEb WviawfWvcawlibil
" .eveawfcSok cSwkwywb wnig Inwv

: WliaWA
.evetwgiawvwlcawb ineviawk iaWkwnehcnwa urwtwh InWbclwa cKiawx
,cfIYwlcaudcbwA ,cnwmcHwrcaudcbwA ItwgiawDwvibil cSwa Wnwmwkibnwa wmwtwruf
.evea cqWzcawrcaudcbwA

,cnimiawhumcludcbwA ,crUBcnwmcludcbwA ItwgiawDwvibil cSwa Wnwmwkibnwa wnwved
idwa ,WnWscawH ,WmWlws ,WyisWa ,WsInwa ,WlcAwacludcbwA ,udwmcawHum
.eveaWnIkws

wnwvurwtwh .evea Qutwbih ItwgiawDwvibil cSwncnulwbnwkibnwa wnwvcnit
idwa .eveaenwgun iawDwvibil caejcauk cSwa "ulcFwf clumcaua " cnulwbnwkibnwa
wmwh Ivencnuh iawgukea uria unuhej cswvuduhwf emcnea egutWywH egInWbclwa
.eveaWnwmwk im inwkea


: ctwycaiBwv ivcaeruk cSwncnumilcsum InWbclwa
im " .eveaev iawgutwycaiBwv uhwfcSwmuvuLWdiv cSwaWnwX iaWdcmwH cSwa Q ctWm
egutwncnus iaWnWauruq cSokwBcaWK cnikwv cSwkwmilcsum emcnok WviawgItwmcnib
egcnerwhwa ,cSwncnuKwa WTcawhwfih iawgutog eg cHilWBcaufwlws WlWvog cSwgwm
emcnea ,IkwtwycaiBwv ctoa cnwruk uhwfcSwmuruk ctwycaiBwv cSwscfwn wlcaimwa
umcliA iruh Wdiawf uhwfcSwaea cned .eveSwmuv irevWvuqwt cSwa Q ctWm wmwtwruf
iaWnWauruq csevIkwlwmwA cHilWB emcnok Wruk ea idwa .eveSwmutwgibil
idwa .eveSwmuruk cnIqwy cnwkcaemwk Wvun iawfWlWscawk cnugwm egutwncnus
cSwmutwgun ev irevuLoked iaWncnuhIm ea emukun cnutwAWmwj egcnumilcsum
idwa .evemed urWzcnia egumwk iretWkcawrun egumwk ea idwa .evemwlWvog cnerwhwa
itIr iritawmuDwm iawgumunid ctwHEBwn cSwncnuhIm Wv ufWliK iaWncnemerwhwa
.evemwlWvog cSwmuruk cnunEb cSwtctog

: ctwycaiBwv uhwf emcnea egInWbclwa
: caekea
cnerwhwa idwa cSwncniheTcawr idwa cSwncnirwd idwa cSwncnunehcnwa egcnerwhwa
urwbwK egurwm egcnerwhwa .evemwruk ctwycaiBwv cSwkwhIm emcnok WvibOl eked
.eveSWruk WAud idea cnuvcael ctwmcHwr Wvwscauf wfWf cSwncnerwhwa ,wmwnifiawrOf
wdwg uDwa iawvwl caekELwh cnegevwred iaWmwkea cnumuvurwm cnerwhwa idwa
.evemwruk ctwycaiBwv cSwmurukun

: caEd
egWmit egcnerwhwa idwa .eveSWrukcswvwa WhIv cawtcnwk egumul uLwv cnerwhwa idwa
eruv cSwrwvEduf cSwkwtcnwk egImekWmwkuSwk ,cniaeret egcniheTcawr iaWncnuhIm
cnerwhwa idwa .eveSwmunidun urwbwK egurwm egcnerwhwa ,cSwncnuhIm urutia
caeairevukea iretcBWlcKia idwa ireTcawvwa egcnerwhwa ,cawtcnwk egumuvenih
iawgumwkea idwa .eveSWvulWvwh " QudcbwA Ubwa uruFuK utwzcaiA " Wviawgumwk
.eveSWruk urWyitcKia WnEa caehIm enEdevIhea cSwaWnEa

: caenit
Iaea .evekenWtcsurubwq ctoa WgIriawk emcnea IkwnwtEdea cnerwhwa cnWl uLwv
Wd cnutwhwf WzWnwj idwa ihej cnwdcneg cnegiawl cSwkwrWk caOdcnws egcnerwhwa
idwa .eveawkwTcSwmunidun wnuhej cnwruk urutwd cnegiawrwa cSwrWk csevcnuhIm
Ivcswvud wlwhwk Eveleb cSwmwkenWdwhwn enok iawgulwbcqwtcsum ,Inedea cnerwhwa
.evemuluLwv cnerwhwa iawgcaenWtcsurubwq

: caerwtwh
egcnerwhwa ibit iawgurEb cnuSwr ,ukwywb ibit iawgcaeSwr Wvurwm cnerwhwa idwa
cawtcnwk egumuluLwv egcnerwhwa ,csevcSwkwywb cnehea idwa cSwncnirwd
egcnuhIm ea Iaea .eveSWgcnWn urwbwK egurwm , InUn uhwfcSwmumcnin
.eveawkwTcSwmunidun wyivcswl cnuluLwv cnerwhwa idwa ilih utwycaifiYWA

: caehwf
idwa cswyiv iawgumwk ctof iruh iawfiveruk uPWC Iaea ,caetof Whiruh egcnerwhwa
cSwaITisWvinuy ImWlcsia egWnIdwm ,cswyiv iawgumwk ctof iruh iawfeyil cnutwa
egcaesircawdum egnWtea Ikwnwtea Inehea .evemwruk ctwycaiBwv cSwmunid
cSwtwncnus iaWnWauruq ,iawgukwtcswvud iruk cswvud wdEh cnerwhwa iawgutog
cSwnwtea cnukwtctof ea idwa .evekenwt Everuk caekwtcnWdnwh inof egumulWvog
.evemwruk WAud idea cSwmwk enWruk caeaWfcnwm cSwncnurwvirwd iaWncnuhIm Wd
enWruk Wfcnwm cSwncnerwhwa cnumwk iretcBWlcKia iaWaWAud oyeh egcnuhImea idwa
.evemedea cSwmwk


: cnuvwrWhwvwa
cKiawx IkwmWlcsia cludidcawjum egulIj im idwa cXidcawHum egunWmwz im
wkEtws emcnok caehIm enWncneg caehUr Wa iawvurid cnulwa cnId) .eveaInWbclwa
(Evoa iawgcaeXIdwH cSwmwk enWvcaunof Q ctWm ,urwhwa caea cnukwrwhwa
cSwnId cmWlcsia IkwaInWbclwa cKiawx iawgutog cten csevcaekcawx
cnutogea .evekeairevumcliA ivcaeruk caekwtctwmudiK wnug wnig wdwfEverukunugwa
cSwmufih iawgcXIdwH wHcawB inwkea wmwh ,iawvcauail caetof caekwtea
iaWkwtctof uhuqif iaWkwturIscfwt idwa .eveaivcauneg cnwkulWmws egcnumilcsum
iaWkwtcXIdwH cfIAwF iruh iawgukwtwkwhWv Wkcawd iawgutog egudWxuria iaWZcAwv
WlUswr idwa .eveailWvog cSwmuruk irehwk ea iawlwb WdOh cawtcXIdwH IAcFwv
csevcaea iawgumuruk ctwbcsin cSwnWfegElwkea caeawkwhWv Wvcawrukun cXIdwH
cSwncnumilcsum cnwkenWvun cnegId caemwkwhEswf wtwvun caelud egcaerwv
.eveaivcaed cSokcnWdnwh

Iaea .eveawguhwvud urihinoh Iv 1420 WriKWa clidWmuj 22 IvwrWhwvwa InWbclwa
ctWm .evehwvud wnwved eguhwm urwbOTckoa egurwhwa wnwv 1999 cnuKIrWt IdWlIm
.!evEdnWfWvcaed cSwKiawx ctwmcAin irevitwm egEgurwvus Q